质子交换膜燃料电池电站多米诺事故概率和风险研究*

为探究氢能电站火灾爆炸事故发展规律,采用多米诺效应对电站进行事故概率和风险研究,建立氢能电站多米诺效应定量风险分析模型。基于设备受损概率模型与多米诺理论基础,提出氢能电站多米诺效应概率计算方法,并将方法运用到实际案例,结合SAFETI软件对具体多米诺事故场景进行定量计算。研究结果表明:氢能电站易发生多米诺事故,考虑一级多米诺效应后人员潜在死亡概率增加56%。研究结果可为制定氢能电站安全防控措施以及降低火灾爆炸事故对人员和设备的危害提供依据。     

Certification of Highly Complex Safety-Related Systems

The BIA has now 15 years of experience with the certification of complex electronic systems for safety-related applications in the machinery sector. Using the example of machining centres, this presentation will show the systematic procedure for verifying and validating control systems using Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) and microcomputers for safety functions.

One section will describe the control structure of machining centres with control systems using “ integrated safety.” A diverse redundant architecture combined with crossmonitoring and forced dynamisation is explained. In the main section the steps of the systematic certification procedure are explained showing some results of the certification of drilling machines. Specification reviews, design reviews with test case specification, statistical analysis, and walk-throughs are the analytical measures in the testing process. Systematic tests based on the test case specification, Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) and environmental testing, and site acceptance tests on the machines are the testing measures for validation.

A complex software driven system is always undergoing modification. Most of the changes are not safety-relevant but this has to be proven. A systematic procedure for certifying software modifications is presented in the last section of the paper.     

白洋淀污染现状空间分布规律可视化分析

选用2012年为现状年,运用Surfer软件对白洋淀主要污染物浓度的现状分布、富营养化程度分布及其趋势面进行可视化分析。结果表明:白洋淀大部分淀区的营养盐污染、有机污染以及富营养化程度都相当严重,污染程度由西向东逐渐减轻,其中入淀控制监测断面的污染最严重;白洋淀的污染主要由入淀河流排污产生的点源污染所致,应对白洋淀入淀河流污染进行严格治理;利用Surfer软件制图结果表述简单直观,为白洋淀水质污染状况的表征和评价提供了一种新的尝试。     

Predication of Fhhh potential in PTA wastewater treatment

Ebis is the intelligent environmental biotechnological informatics software developed for judging the effectiveness of the microorganism strain in the industrial wastewater treatment system(IWTS) at the optimal status. The parameter, as the objective function for the judgment, is the minimum reactor volume ( Vmin ) calculated by Ebis for microorganism required in wastewater treatment. The rationality and the universality of Ebis were demonstrated in the domestic sewage treatment system(DSTS) with the data published in US Aand China at first, then Fhhh strain‘s potential for treating the purified terephthalic acid(PTA) was proved. It suggests that Ebis would be useful and universal for predicating the technique effectiveness in both DSTS and IWTS.     

不同场地条件下水下隧道周围土体位移变化的数值分析

以拟建的哈尔滨松花江隧道为背景,考虑土体—衬砌的材料非线性特性和相互作用,按平面应变假定,建立在不同场地条件下的若干接近实际的有限元计算模型,应用有限元计算软件ANSYS进行数值分析,得出不同场地条件下隧道周围土体位移的分布规律,遴选出了影响水下隧道周围土体变形的部分关键因素,为合理确定隧道覆土层安全厚度提供了一定的理论依据。     

基于纤维模型的受火后混凝土框架的有限元分析

为了分析受火后混凝土框架结构的残余力学性能,基于纤维模型的思路,将梁、柱构件截面划分成多个纤维,可以考虑构件截面的不均匀温度场分布以及受火损伤后材料力学性能的变化。以ABAQUS通用有限元软件为开发平台,利用Python编程语言对其进行二次开发,将SAP2000建立的模型文件导入到ABAQUS中,对基于纤维模型的混凝土框架进行受火后的温度场分析和非线性力学分析。通过一个多层多跨三维混凝土框架火灾反应的实例,对该框架在受火后的力学反应进行了分析,可为评估混凝土框架结构受火后的残余力学性能提供参考。     

深圳市罗湖区道路交通噪声地图的制作与应用

以 SoundPLAN 软件为依托，将罗湖区城市主干道路及周边地物进行概化、建模，并根据实际监测数据调试参数，制作出罗湖区主干道路噪声分布地图，并对噪声污染严重路段防护措施进行效果模拟，为罗湖区道路交通噪声控制规划和整治以及建设项目审批管理等提供依据。     

软件滤波在土体自振柱试验中的应用

自振柱试验是测量土样动剪切模量和阻尼比的常用方法,但由于噪声等环境因素的影响,土样扭剪自由振动的衰减波曲线有时会因高频干扰出现不平滑现象,难以得到合理的测试结果。软件数字滤波是解决这类问题的有效方法。本文通过多种软件数字滤波方法优缺点的对比,认为平均滤波法和惯性滤波法能有效解决试验数据中的高频干扰问题,并分别选择适当的滤波参数,得到了平滑的自振衰减波曲线;最后,采用平均滤波法处理了两组自振柱试验数据。结果表明,软件滤波法确能有效消除不合理数据,得到符合一般规律的土体动剪切模量和阻尼比试验结果,从而验证了其在土体自振柱试验中的应用价值。